Protein Types
Proteins are a class of nutrients composed of amino acids,
smaller molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen atoms.
These atoms mix up in different patterns to make different amino acids.
Some of them are essential because they can not be made by the body and
must be taken in through diet. The rest of them can be made by the
liver if all the necessary chemical components are available.
Proteins have a variety of very important functions within the body.
First and foremost, they are responsible for growth and maintenance of
all body cells and structures, like bone, muscle, blood cells, skin and
hair. They are also the primary component of enzymes, proteins which
help facilitate many of the chemical reactions within the body,
including digestion. Proteins are also integral in the production of
hormones like insulin, thyroid hormones, estrogen and testosterone.
When we eat proteins in our diet, the stomach secretes digestive acids
that begin the process of breaking down the chemical structure.
Digestion continues in the small intestine where, in fact, a majority
of protein breakdown takes place. Eventually the proteins are reverted
back to their basic amino acid structure so they can be absorbed
through the intestine and into the bloodstream. From there, they go to
the liver where amino acid use is regulated. Sometimes they are used to
synthesize important proteins in the liver, sometimes they are sent
elsewhere to be used.
Protein in our diet can come from two different sources: plant based
(such as soy, nuts and beans), or animal based (such as meat, dairy and
eggs). With the exception of soy, only animal based proteins contain
all of the essential amino acids in sufficient amounts. Plant-based
proteins also contain all of the essential amino acids, however some of
them may be in insufficient amounts to meet our dietary requirements.
If you do not eat animal-based products, you can combine different
types of plant proteins to ensure that you get all the amino acids that
you need.
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